The major purpose for including this phrase was to confirm the equality provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which promised that all citizens would have the right to equal protection under the law. There must be equitable treatment for persons in similar conditions. No State must "refuse to any individual within its authority, the equal protection of the laws," as stated in the 1868 article. The United States Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment is one of three amendments passed after the end of the American Civil War (1861–65), bans states from denying anybody "equal protection of the laws." Got a question on this topic?Ī key component of the Fourteenth Amendment's first section is the Equal Protection Clause. Such reservations were one element that prompted Congress to begin drafting and debating what would become the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. "Citizens of every race and color shall receive the full and equal benefit."Īccording to President Andrew Johnson, Congress did not have the constitutional authority to adopt the Civil Rights Act of 1866 because of this issue. Citizenship in the United States was granted to all people born, regardless of race or ethnicity. A Republican-controlled Congress implemented the Civil Rights Act of 1866to respond to the inequity enforced by Black Codes. These rules also imposed harsher criminal penalties on blacks than on whites. Following the war, several ex-Confederate states enacted Black Codes, which severely limited blacks' rights to retain the property, including real property (such as real estate) and various types of personal property, and established legally binding contracts. The Thirteenth Amendment, which ended slavery in the United States, was presented by Congress shortly after the Union's victory in the American Civil War and approved by the states. During the Civil War, numerous Southern governments stripped many whites of their state citizenship and expelled them from their states, thereby taking their property. Before and during the Civil War, the Bill of Rights didn't apply to the Southern states thus, the latter censored the speech of Unionists, anti-slavery campaigners, and other northerners.
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